Scythians was the name used by ancient Greek
writers to describe the various nomadic tribes of
southeastern Europe and Asia who dwelled north
of the Black Sea, between the Carpathian
Mountains and the Don River, in what is now
Moldova, Ukraine, and western Russia. The name
was also more generally applied to all the nomad
tribes who inhabited the steppes eastward from
what is now Hungary to the mountains of
Turkistan. Scythians kept herds of horses, cattle,
and sheep, lived in tent-covered wagons, and
fought with bows and arrows on horseback. They
developed a rich culture characterized by opulent
tombs, fine metalwork, and a brilliant art style.
The artistry and fine condition of this bronze axe
head suggests that it was not used for warfare,
but for ceremonial rituals likely related to the
well-being of the herd. The Scythians were
intimately linked to the lands they traversed and
the fauna that inhabited them. Thus, their art
often relays natural themes, with the stag among
the most popular motifs. This axe head has
taken the form of the head of a beast, likely as
lion. From its open mouth emerges the blade,
radiating outwards like the feathers of a peacock.
Elegantly incised lines suggest the pedals of a
flower, contrasting to the incised eyes and mouth
of the lion. The bronze has acquired a rich light
green patina over the centuries, enhancing the
beauty of this ancient artifact.
- (X.0463)
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