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Archive : Bronze Alloy Bowl
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Bronze Alloy Bowl - LO.914
Origin: Central Asia
Circa: 12th
AD
to 13th
AD
Dimensions:
1" (2.5cm) high
x 6" (15.2cm) wide
Collection: Islamic Art
Style: Islamic
Medium: Quarternary Bronze
Additional Information: AS
£3,600.00
Location: Great Britain
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Description |
Metalwork in the Near East and Central Asia has
always enjoyed a prestige beyond that of other
applied arts such as ceramics and textiles. Major
pieces were specially commissioned and often
bear dedications to the princes and great nobles
for whom they were made, together with the
proudly inscribed names of their makers and
decorators; their very durability and impressive
appearance give them a high standing and
dignity of their own. The best pieces were in
bronze, either engraved, inlaid, overlaid or
beaten in repousse', that is hammered out from
behind of designs to appear in relief on the
surface.
The roots of Islamic metalwork are to be found in
Byzantium and Persia. In the early 7th century
the Arabs took over these two great empires and
absorbed local metal techniques and typologies,
and contributed to a new development in
metalwork by adding inscriptions in kufic script.
Not much is known of the art of metalwork in
Persia and Central Asia in the early Islamic
period, with the exception of few large dishes
datable to the Ghaznavids, until the Seljuq
period, when new forms started to appear, while
lavish inlays and incrustation of gold, silver and
copper crept onto the surface.
This small dish features small sloping inwards
sides engraved with a register of cursive script
on the exterior, an everted rim also decoraed
with small foliage medallions and scroll bands,
and a slightly convex cavetto, the centre
displaying a round medallion where an incised
woman-headed winged lioness is graciously
engraved, wearing a Khorasanian headdress,
seen in profile looking three quarters at the
spectator.
This type of mythological sphinx appeared
profusely from the 11th century onwards during
the Seljuq period on Islamic metalworks and
other media and, as an auspicious symbol, was
mostly associated with the sun, the tree of life
and life after death. It was only later during the
13th century, replaced by Chinese dragons and
phoenixes in the repertoire of decorative arts.
This small plate was probably made of high tin
bronze- an alloy of copper and about 20 per cent
tin. This alloy was known in early Islamic times
as asfidroy, literally 'white copper' and was used
for bowls, stem bowls, dishes, ewers and
candlesticks. amongst the particular properties
of high tin bronze is that it can be red-hot
forged, like iron, and if quenched, becomes
reasonably malleable when cold. If permitted to
cool slowly than hammered, it shatters. Three
centres of quarternary bronze manufacture are
recorded in Islamic texts of the 10th-11th
centuries: Rabinjian near Bukhara, Hamadan in
western Persia and Sistan province in eastern
Persia. Transoxiana, i.e. Eastern Persia and
Afghanistan, provided the inspiration for the
Hamadan industry as well and kept on producing
high-tin copper alloy vessels well into the 13th
century, although with less originality than
before.
The quality of engraving and the patterns
featured on this dish would seem to support a
12th-13th centuries dating and a Transoxiana
provenance.
LO.914. Small flat dish, cast brass with engraved
decoration. Flat base with slanting low walls and
everted flat rim. Inside in the centre within a
round
medallion a large standing lion is presented,
surrounded by a narrow band of intertwined
scrolls
and series of lambrequin arches.
Iran, Khorasan, 12th – 13th century.
Diam.
Comparative material: A similarly decorated small
flat dish in the Vitoria and Albert Museum, cf.
Melikian-Chirvani, 1982, cat.no.36, pp.105-6.
Prof. Geza Fehervari
Prof. Geoffrey King
- (LO.914)
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